Artificial Intelligence and the Quran: Ethical Boundaries in Light of Islamic Teachings

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently developing rapidly, and its impact on society is revolutionary, although it has given rise to a number of ethical issues, some of which are related to personal privacy and the biases of algorithms. The secular ethical systems also fail to have a spiritual and communal aspect that can help to handle these challenges in a comprehensive manner. This article investigates the way in which the Quran might offer a solid ethical basis to the development and control of AI. Through examination of the major Quranic themes Tawhid (Oneness of God), Khilafah (Stewardship), Adl (Justice), and Amanah (Trustworthiness) the paper shows how they can be applied to modern day AI issues, including surveillance, autonomous weapons, and job replacement. As an example, Quranic ban on tajassus (spying) argues against invasive data practices, and Adl requires justice in the design of algorithms. The research relies on a qualitative thematic reading of the Quranic verses and classical commentaries (Tafsir) and the modern Islamic thought to provide a middle ground between theological strictness and practical policy requirements. It also compares Islamic ethics with the secular ones, pointing at differences (e.g., absolute moral limits vs. utilitarian reasoning) and possible potential synergies (e.g., fighting bias). Some recommendations include setting up Sharia-compliant AI governance institutions, including Islamic ethics in tech education and promoting cross-disciplinary discussion. The article proposes that Quranic ideals provide a spiritual, justice-based platform to make AI compatible with human dignity and divine injunctions and it is the Muslim-majority societies who can be ethical leaders in the AI debate.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, society, Islamic Teachings, Quran, Human Dignity.