The Quranic Concept of 'Adl wa Ihsan' (Justice and Benevolence) In Islamic Sociology the Foundation of Societal Reasoning

Abstract

This research article examines the pivotal role of the Qur’anic concepts of ‘Adl (Justice) and Ihsan (Benevolence) as the foundation of Islamic social reasoning. In the Qur’an, the command for ‘Adl is not confined merely to equal rights or legal uniformity; rather, it demands balance, truthfulness, and the full realization of rights in every sphere of life. The article emphasizes that the Islamic social structure does not rest solely upon the fundamental pillar of justice; instead, its true spirit is nurtured and sustained through Ihsan. Ihsan refers to a standard of goodness that goes beyond the requirements of justice, encompassing kindness and conduct marked by the highest degree of moral excellence. At the social level, this concept fosters mutual cooperation, compassion, and a deep sense of ethical responsibility within society. This study elucidates the practical application and implications of ‘Adl wa Ihsan within the framework of Islamic sociology. It argues that the balanced and simultaneous implementation of both principles is essential for the formation of a sustainable, harmonious, and compassionate society. Any form of social reasoning that neglects these principles remains incomplete and imbalanced. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive Qur’anic-based analytical framework for addressing contemporary social issues such as inequality, exploitation, and moral decline within the context of Islamic thought.

Keywords: Justice, Benevolence, Qur’anic Concepts, Islamic Sociology, Social Reasoning, Ethics, Social Justice.