A Comparative Study of the Fundamental Beliefs of Islam and Sikhism
Abstract
Islam and Sikhism, two of the world’s major monotheistic religions, share several common values, yet they also possess distinctive theological and doctrinal differences. This comparative study delves into the fundamental beliefs of Islam and Sikhism, focusing on their core teachings, practices, and approaches to spirituality, humanity, and divine worship. In Islam, belief in the oneness of God (Tawhid) is the central tenet, emphasizing a strict monotheism where Allah is seen as the singular, eternal creator and sustainer of the universe. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, and the Hadith, the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), guide Muslims in their daily lives, encouraging submission to the will of Allah and upholding justice, compassion, and moral integrity. The Five Pillars of Islam—faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage—form the basis of Islamic practice. Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century in the Indian subcontinent, also upholds the belief in one God (Waheguru), who is formless, eternal, and beyond human comprehension. The Guru Granth Sahib, the central scripture of Sikhism, serves as both the spiritual guide and the embodiment of the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus. Sikhs are encouraged to engage in constant meditation and remembrance of God, to serve humanity, and to live a life of humility, equality, and selflessness. Key practices in Sikhism include Naam Japna (remembering God’s name), Seva (selfless service), and Sangat (community). This study examines the theological commonalities between Islam and Sikhism, such as the emphasis on one God, equality, and community service, while also highlighting differences in their practices and views on salvation, divine revelation, and religious authority. The article aims to foster a deeper understanding of these two faiths and promote interfaith respect and dialogue.
Keywords: Islam, Sikhism, Monotheism, Tawhid, Waheguru, Quran, Guru Granth Sahib, Theological Comparison, Religious Practices, Interfaith Dialogue
