A Critical Analysis of the Argumentation for the Proofs of Monotheism in Tafsir al-Kashshaf

Abstract

Allama Zamakhshari’s Tafsir al-Kashshaf is a well-known exegesis in which rational argumentation and the principle of divine transcendence (tanzīh) hold a central place. In his approach, the attributes, actions, and divine relationships of God are largely interpreted through a rational lens. As a result, certain distinctive positions emerge that differ from the general methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah. Although these distinctions aim to preserve pure monotheism and to free it from any form of anthropomorphism (tashbīh) or corporealism (tajsīm), they lead to clear (differences) with Ahl al-Sunnah on key theological issues such as divine attributes, the beatific vision (ru’yah), and the nature of divine speech.This is what gives his exegetical method its unique character. Scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah not only engaged critically with al-Zamakhshari’s distinctive views but also presented a balanced approach grounded in scriptural texts (nuṣūṣ) in response to his rational arguments. Their foundational principles include affirming divine attributes without figurative reinterpretation, upholding the vision of God, maintaining that the Qur’an is the uncreated speech of God, and understanding divine actions as governed by both wisdom and divine will.

Keyword: Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf, Interpretation (Ta’wil), Divine Attributes, Ahl al-Sunnah, Beatific Vision (Ru’yah), Divine Speech