URBANIZATION AND HOUSING CRISIS IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND POLICY RESPONSES

Abstract

Pakistan is undergoing rapid urbanization, with over 78 million people currently residing in urban areas, a number growing at an annual rate of 3.42%. This demographic shift has exacerbated the housing crisis, as the demand for affordable and adequate housing far outstrips supply, leading to the proliferation of informal settlements and slums. The housing crisis is further compounded by factors such as rural-to-urban migration, population growth, unplanned urban development, and ineffective land use policies. This study explores the challenges of urbanization and housing in Pakistan, focusing on the affordability and availability of housing, the rise of informal settlements, and the socio-economic implications of inadequate housing. It also examines government initiatives and policy responses, including public-private partnerships and international best practices, to address the housing shortage. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustainable urban development, emphasizing the need for equitable housing policies, improved urban planning, and enhanced collaboration between government, private sector, and civil society to ensure affordable housing for all.

Keywords: Urbanization, housing crisis, Pakistan, informal settlements, rural-to-urban migration, housing affordability, urban planning, public-private partnerships, land use policies, sustainable development